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1.
Soc Sci Med ; 160: 29-34, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27209364

ABSTRACT

The global economic crisis has had particularly intense effects on the Spanish labor market. We investigated whether the duration of non-work related sickness absence (SA) episodes in salaried workers had experienced any changes before and after the crisis started. This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis conducted in a dynamic cohort in 2006 and 2010. Database was provided by eight mutual insurance companies, covering 983,108 workers and 451,801 SA episodes. Descriptive analysis and crude, bivariate and multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazards modeling were performed, to quantify the changes in duration of SA episodes between 2006 and 2010, stratified by sex. There was a higher number of episodes in 2010 for both sexes, but especially for women. Unadjusted median duration in men was similar for both years, while for women it was shorter in 2010. Final multivariate models show a greater risk of longer episode duration for men in 2010 (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.95-0.95), but a shorter one for women (HR 1.07; 95% CI, 1.07-1.07). Once the economic crisis started affecting the Spanish labor market, the number of SA episodes in women equalized with those in men. There was a decrease of episodes in the youngest age groups, in the construction and in temporary contracts. The relative ranking of leading diagnoses was similar in both years with an increase in infectious, nervous system and respiratory diseases and in mental disorder episodes for both sexes, but especially for women. The risk of longer episode duration was greater in 2010 among men, but smaller in women.


Subject(s)
Absenteeism , Economic Recession/trends , Sick Leave/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sick Leave/trends , Spain
2.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 17(1): 18-25, ene.-mar. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-118997

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El reconocimiento de enfermedades profesionales (EP) en España es muy deficiente. En 2010 se creó la Unidad de Patología Laboral del Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) para identificar y comunicar las sospechas de EP entre los pacientes del hospital. El objetivo del estudio es describir la actividad de esta Unidad de Patología Laboral entre 2010 y 2012.Métodos: Los casos evaluados procedieron de interconsultas de servicios clínicos del PSMAR a la Unidad de Patología Laboral y revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias durante el periodo 2010-2012. Para cada caso se evaluó sistemáticamente la relación entre las exposiciones laborales y el/los problema/as de salud teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica. Se analizó la frecuencia de casos y el valor predictivo positivo (VP+) e intervalos de confianza del 95%(IC95%) del proceso de su confirmación como casos sospechosos de EP según su procedencia, grupo diagnóstico, edad y sexo. Resultados: De los 140 pacientes con sospecha inicial de EP identificados en la Unidad de Patología Laboral, 47%(n=66) procedieron de revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias y 74 de interconsultas. El 54% fueron cánceres, 21% hipoacusias, 16% patología músculo-esquelética, 6% dermatológica, 2% de vías respiratorias y 1% neurológica. Se confirmó la sospecha de EP en 34 de estos casos. El VP+ para los casos procedentes de las interconsultas fue del 39% (IC95%=27,39-50,99) y de las revisiones retrospectivas del 7,6% (IC95%=0,43-14,72). Conclusiones: Los hospitales pueden contribuir a la identificación de sospechas de EP, siendo su comunicación por los servicios clínicos a una unidad clínica especializada en medicina del trabajo la estrategia más aconsejable


Objectives: Official recognition of occupational diseases (OD) in Spain is very poor. In 2010, the Occupational Disease Unit (ODU) of Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) was created to identify and report the suspect of OD among hospital patients. The aim of the study is to analyze the activity of the Occupational Disease Unit between 2010 and 2012.Methods: Patients evaluated by the Occupational Disease Unit were identified through referrals from clinical services and retrospective reviews of selected pathologies from the hospital discharge register in the period 2010-2012. Cases are evaluated systematically, using an evidence-based approach to assess the relationship between occupational exposures and disease. We analyze the frequency of cases together with the positive predictive value (PPV) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the confirmation procedure as suspected cases of OD according to the case origin, diagnostic group, age and sex. Results: From a total of 140 patients with suspected OD identified by the Occupational Disease Unit, 47% were located through retrospective reviews of the hospital discharge registries (n=66) and the remainder from clinical services referrals(n=74). Among these cases 54% were cancers, 21% hearing losses, 16% musculoskeletal disorders, 6% dermatological diseases, 2% respiratory tract diseases and 1% neurological diseases. The Occupational Disease Unit confirmed suspected OD in 34 cases. The PPV for cases referred from clinical services was 39% (95% CI = 27.39-50.99) and 7.6% (95% CI =0.43-14.72) for the discharge register retrospective review. Conclusion: Hospitals can contribute to the identification of OD, and referral of suspected OD by clinical services to a specialized occupational medicine unit is recommended as the most appropriate strategy


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Risks , Hospital Communication Systems/organization & administration , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Accidents Registry , Diseases Registries
3.
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor ; 17(1): 18-25, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24458206

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Official recognition of occupational diseases (OD) in Spain is very poor. In 2010, the Occupational Disease Unit (ODU) of Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) was created to identify and report the suspect of OD among hospital patients. The aim of the study is to analyze the activity of the Occupational Disease Unit between 2010 and 2012. METHODS: Patients evaluated by the Occupational Disease Unit were identified through referrals from clinical services and retrospective reviews of selected pathologies from the hospital discharge register in the period 2010-2012. Cases are evaluated systematically, using an evidence-based approach to assess the relationship between occupational exposures and disease. We analyze the frequency of cases together with the positive predictive value (PPV) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the confirmation procedure as suspected cases of OD according to the case origin, diagnostic group, age and sex. RESULTS: From a total of 140 patients with suspected OD identified by the Occupational Disease Unit, 47% were located through retrospective reviews of the hospital discharge registries (n=66) and the remainder from clinical services referrals (n=74). Among these cases 54% were cancers, 21% hearing losses, 16% musculoskeletal disorders, 6% dermatological diseases, 2% respiratory tract diseases and 1% neurological diseases. The Occupational Disease Unit confirmed suspected OD in 34 cases. The PPV for cases referred from clinical services was 39% (95% CI = 27.39-50.99) and 7.6% (95% CI = 0.43-14.72) for the discharge register retrospective review. CONCLUSION: Hospitals can contribute to the identification of OD, and referral of suspected OD by clinical services to a specialized occupational medicine unit is recommended as the most appropriate strategy.


OBJETIVOS: El reconocimiento de enfermedades profesionales (EP) en España es muy deficiente. En 2010 se creó la Unidad de Patología Laboral del Parc de Salut Mar (PSMAR) para identificar y comunicar las sospechas de EP entre los pacientes del hospital. El objetivo del estudio es describir la actividad de esta Unidad de Patología Laboral entre 2010 y 2012. MÉTODOS: Los casos evaluados procedieron de interconsultas de servicios clínicos del PSMAR a la Unidad de Patología Laboral y revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias durante el periodo 2010-2012. Para cada caso se evaluó sistemáticamente la relación entre las exposiciones laborales y el/los problema/as de salud teniendo en cuenta la evidencia científica. Se analizó la frecuencia de casos y el valor predictivo positivo (VP+) e intervalos de confianza del 95%(IC95%) del proceso de su confirmación como casos sospechosos de EP según su procedencia, grupo diagnóstico, edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: De los 140 pacientes con sospecha inicial de EP identificados en la Unidad de Patología Laboral, 47% (n=66) procedieron de revisiones retrospectivas del registro de altas hospitalarias y 74 de interconsultas. El 54% fueron cánceres, 21% hipoacusias, 16% patología músculo-esquelética, 6% dermatológica, 2% de vías respiratorias y 1% neurológica. Se confirmó la sospecha de EP en 34 de estos casos. El VP+ para los casos procedentes de las interconsultas fue del 39% (IC95%=27,39-50,99) y de las revisiones retrospectivas del 7,6% (IC95%=0,43-14,72). CONCLUSIONES: Los hospitales pueden contribuir a la identificación de sospechas de EP, siendo su comunicación por los servicios clínicos a una unidad clínica especializada en medicina del trabajo la estrategia más aconsejable.


Subject(s)
Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Tertiary Healthcare , Female , Hospital Units , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
4.
Med. segur. trab ; 59(233): 393-404, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-121365

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Desde 2007 la normativa relativa a la gestión por la Seguridad Social de las Enfermedades Profesionales y al sistema de información para su vigilancia epidemiológica, asigna a los médicos en Atención Primaria un papel como comunicadores a partir de su "sospecha diagnóstica". Este trabajo pretende mostrar algunas de sus necesidades expresadas en relación al conocimiento específico y sus actitudes y sensibilización en su práctica cotidiana respecto al origen laboral de estas patologías. Métodos: Para ello, hemos analizado los textos generados en la interacción entre los alumnos y tutores participantes en 2 ediciones de un curso online ("Enfermedades Profesionales para Médicos de Atención Primaria") realizado sobre el campus electrónico de la Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, promovido y financiado por el Ministerio de Sanidad, entre otros. Resultados: Los participantes expresan su inquietud en relación con: i) su falta de conocimientos específicos, ii) la carencia de utilidades o instrumentos habilitados en las historias clínicas informatizadas para orientarles en el diagnóstico de procesos "presumiblemente" laborales, y iii) los problemas de comunicación entre los actores del sistema. Conclusiones: Destacamos su interés por saber cómo establecer el origen laboral de algunos procesos en un sentido amplio, más allá de la determinación de Enfermedad Profesional, y cómo apuntan soluciones que contemplarían: aumentar sus conocimientos, facilitarles el asesoramiento por expertos, hacer más visible lo laboral en la historia clínica de atención primaria y habilitar canales de comunicación eficaces con el resto de implicados en la gestión de las enfermedades profesionales (AU)


Goals: Since 2007 Spanish legislation mandates primary care physicians to report suspected occupational diseases for the purpose of occupational disease surveillance by the Social Security system. This paper presents the sensibility, attitudes and knowledge needs they express about the occupational origin of these conditions. Methods: We analyzed texts and commentaries generated by students and teachers who joined two different editions of an online course, "Occupational Diseases for Primary Care Physicians", developed on electronic campus of the National School of Occupational Health (Institute of Health Carlos III) promoted and funded by the Ministry of Health, among others. Results: Participants expressed concerns regarding to: i) their lack of specific knowledge, ii) the absence of items in electronic medical records that could facilitate the detection of possible work-related pathologies; and iii) limited communication among the various stakeholders. Conclusions: Primary care physicians expressed interest in learning more about how to establish the work-relatedness of disease, and offer suggestions aimed at improving their fund of knowledge, facilitating their access to expert consultation, highlighting the occupational exposure component of the medical history in primary care, and improving communication among all stakeholders (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Case Management/statistics & numerical data , Health Information Systems/organization & administration , Qualitative Research
5.
Arch. prev. riesgos labor. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(3): 124-128, jul.-sept. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101197

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de cumplimentación de la ocupación y/o situación laboral en las historias clínicas de un sistema hospitalario de Barcelona según edad, sexo, servicio hospitalario y tipo de soporte. Métodos: Se revisaron 495 historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 18 años, abiertas entre 2006 y 2010, seleccionadas aleatoriamente en nueve servicios hospitalarios (dermatología, neumología, oftalmología, oncología, otorrinolaringología, radioterapia, rehabilitación, traumatología y urología). En cada servicio se revisaron 11 historias clínicas en soporte de papel y otras 11 historias clínicas (diferentes) en formato digital por año. En todos los casos se recogió información acerca del registro de la ocupación y/o situación laboral en el documento, año de registro de dicha información, edad y sexo del paciente. Resultados: El 57% de las historias clínicas fueron de hombres; un 40% estaban en soporte de papel y un 60% en formato digital. La cumplimentación de la ocupación y/o situación laboral fue globalmente de un 32%. Esta variable se cumplimentaba con más frecuencia en los pacientes hombres y en el soporte de papel. El servicio de rehabilitación obtuvo la mayor frecuencia de cumplimentación (47%) y el servicio de oftalmología la menor (16%).Conclusión: La cumplimentación de la ocupación y/o situación laboral en las historias clínicas es baja, registrándose en menos de un tercio de las mismas. Estos resultados son consistentes con los de otros estudios realizados en nuestro país y en otros países. Se precisa la adopción de iniciativas que promuevan y potencien el grado de cumplimentación de la ocupación en las historias clínicas(AU)


Objective: To describe the frequency of recording of a patient’s occupation and/or employment status in the medical charts of a Barcelona hospital system by age, sex, department and type of medical record. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of a random sample of 495 patients age 18 years and older, admitted between2006 and 2010 in nine hospital departments (dermatology, pulmonary diseases, ophthalmology, oncology, otolaryngology, radiation therapy, rehabilitation, traumatology and urology). For each department and each year, 11 hard copy and 11different electronic records were reviewed. In all cases we collected information on recording of occupation and/or employment status, age, sex and recording year. Results: 57% of reviewed records were from male patients, 40% of the charts were hard copy and 60% were electronic. Overall, information on the patient’s occupation and/or employment status was found in 32% of cases, more often for male patients and in the hard copy records. The rehabilitation department exhibited the highest completion rate (47%), where as the ophthalmology department exhibited the lowest (16%).Conclusion: Information on a hospitalized patient’s occupation and/or employment status is low, being present in less than one-third of cases, which is consistent with previous studies conducted in Spain and elsewhere. Specific initiatives are needed to improve this important shortcoming(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Records/standards , Medical History Taking/standards , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Job Description
6.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 43(10): 524-530, oct. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94394

ABSTRACT

ObjetivoIdentificar y seleccionar la patología posiblemente laboral que es atendida en el sistema público de salud.DiseñoEstudio transversal.EmplazamientoCataluña (España).ParticipantesPersona mayor de 15 años que registra una primera visita en atención primaria o un ingreso en un hospital o un episodio de incapacidad por contingencia común en 2008 en Cataluña o que ha fallecido en esta misma comunidad en 2007.Mediciones principalesA partir de la conversión de la lista europea de enfermedades profesionales en 407 entidades de la CIE-10, se identificaron 34 entidades que fueron valoradas por un grupo de expertos.ResultadosEstas entidades posiblemente laborales suponían el 6,7% de las primeras visitas, el 13,8% de las incapacidades laborales, el 13,6% de los contactos con los hospitales agudos y el 15,8% de las defunciones. El asma fue una patología de posible origen laboral identificada en las 4 bases de datos. Después de la selección de los expertos, las 26 entidades representan el 3,3% de las primeras visitas, el 8,9% de las incapacidades y el 2,7% de los contactos con hospitales de agudos.ConclusionesLa implantación de un sistema de alerta en la historia clínica electrónica, cada vez que una de estas 26 enfermedades es registrada, puede ayudar a mejorar la comunicación de trastornos profesionales(AU)


ObjectiveTo identify and select common diseases of possible occupational origin, managed through the Spanish National Health System.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCatalonia (Spain).ParticipantsData were collected on people over 15 years of age who were seen for the first time in a primary care clinic or were admitted to a hospital or had an episode of non-occupational sickness absence in catalonia in 2008 or died in this region in 2007.Main measurementsA total of 407 diagnostic codes for possible occupationally-related diseases were selected from a modified version of the european union ICD-10 list of diagnostic codes, from which 34 were selected and assessed by an expert panel.ResultsThe initial 34 diagnoses represented 6.7% of all new outpatient visits, 13.8% of the sickness absence episodes, 13.6% of acute admissions and 15.8% of all annual deaths. Asthma appeared prominently in all four databases. The list was pared down to a final list of 26 four-digit icd-10 codes, that accounted for 3.3% of the first visits, 8.9% of lost work time episodes and 2.7% of acute admissions.ConclusionsThe implementation of a “red flag” into the electronic medical record each time one of these 26 diagnostic codes is entered, could help to improve the reporting of occupational diseases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Security/ethics , Social Security/legislation & jurisprudence , Unified Health System/ethics , Unified Health System/legislation & jurisprudence , Epidemiology/ethics , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Social Security/economics , Social Security/organization & administration , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Unified Health System/organization & administration , Unified Health System/standards , Epidemiology/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies
7.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 84(1): 61-9, 2010.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20376414

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study analyze the duration of episodes of work absence due to non work-related diseases in Catalonia by health regions, assuming a homogeneous distribution of durations between health regions. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 811.790 episodes in 2005 and followed to episode closure through July 2007 provided by the Institut Català d'Avaluacions Mèdiques, describing their median duration (MD) in days for each of the seven health regions of Catalonia. The probability of returning to work was plotted according to Wang_Chang survival curves and median durations were then compared using the Barcelona health region as the referent group. Results were extended through stratification by sex. RESULTS: The Camp de Tarragona health region had the shortest MD (5 days), while the episodes in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region had the longest (MD, 13 days). The Barcelona health region had a MD of 7 days as was the case for Cataluña Central. MD in Girona was 8 days, and in Lleida and Terres de l'Ebre it was 9 days. This latter region also had the highest median duration 13 days. CONCLUSIONS: The are significant differences in the duration of work absence between the health regions of Catalonia. These differences persisted after adjusting for age, management of episodes and social security system status, in both men and women.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Sick Leave , Social Security , Age Factors , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Probability , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Spain , Time Factors
8.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 135(2): 52-8, 2010 Jun 12.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20303541

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The progressive increase in cases of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome and the lack of studies which associate the syndrome with possible occupational origins means that further research in this field is required. The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of cases of MCS of occupational and non-occupational origin. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational study of patients diagnosed with MCS by the toxicology outpatients clinic of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona between 2002 and 2007. The occupational and non-occupational origin of MCS was considered as an independent variable. The dependant variables were occupational activity, triggering agents of MCS, chemical agents associated with the development of clinical manifestations, severity of the symptoms, comorbidities and work disability. Percentages were compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were included: The mean age was 47.7 years and 90.9% were women. There were significant differences between patients of occupational and non-occupational origin with respect to comorbidities such as chronic fatigue syndrome (68.1% versus 88.5%; p=0.002) and fibromyalgia (49.3% versus 73.9%; p=0.002), temporary disability (60.9% versus 39.6%; p=0.006) and permanent disability (8.7% versus 22.9%; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Cases of MCS attributed to an occupational origin had fewer comorbidities and less permanent disability than those of non-occupational origin.


Subject(s)
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Comorbidity , Depression/epidemiology , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/epidemiology , Female , Fibromyalgia/epidemiology , Hospitals, Urban/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Chemical Sensitivity/etiology , Occupations , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis , Sex Distribution , Spain/epidemiology , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 84(1): 61-69, ene.-feb. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-78475

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: En este estudio se analizó la duración de los episodiosde incapacidad temporal por contingencia común en Cataluñasegún regiones sanitarias. Partiendo de la hipótesis de una distribuciónhomogénea de las duraciones entre las regiones sanitarias.Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de 811.790 episodiosobtenidos del Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques iniciados elaño 2005 y seguidos hasta su finalización, cómo máximo julio de2007, donde se describió la mediana de la duración en días de los episodiospara cada una de las siete regiones sanitarias de Cataluña. Laprobabilidad de volver al trabajo se representó según las curvas desupervivencia de Wang_Chang y se comparó la duración mediana(DM) tomando como referencia la Región Sanitaria Barcelona,estratificando por sexo.Resultados: La región de Camp de Tarragona registra la menorduración de 5 días. Por contra, los episodios ocurridos en el Alt Pirineui Aran presentaron una mayor duración de 13 días. Para la regiónde Barcelona la duración fue 7 días, al igual que para Cataluña Central.En Girona fue de 8 días, y en Lleida y Terres de l’Ebre de 9 días.Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en las duracionesde los episodios entre las regiones sanitarias de Cataluña, que semantienen después de ajustar por la edad, la gestión del episodio y elrégimen de Seguridad Social, tanto para hombres como para mujeres(AU)


Background: This study analyze the duration of episodes ofwork absence due to non work-related diseases in Catalonia byhealth regions, assuming a homogeneous distribution of durationsbetween health regions.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 811.790 episodes in2005 and followed to episode closure through July 2007 provided bythe Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques, describing their medianduration (MD) in days for each of the seven health regions of Catalonia.The probability of returning to work was plotted according toWang_Chang survival curves and median durations were then comparedusing the Barcelona health region as the referent group.Results were extended through stratification by sex.Results: The Camp de Tarragona health region had the shortestMD (5 days), while the episodes in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region hadthe longest (MD, 13 days). The Barcelona health region had a MD of7 days as was the case for Cataluña Central. MD in Girona was 8days, and in Lleida and Terres de l’Ebre it was 9 days. This latterregion also had the highest median duration 13 days.Conclusions: The are significant differences in the duration ofwork absence between the health regions of Catalonia. These differencespersisted after adjusting for age, management of episodes andsocial security system status, in both men and women(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Security/statistics & numerical data , Social Security/trends , Social Security , Occupational Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Sick Leave/legislation & jurisprudence , Insurance, Disability/trends , Retrospective Studies , Occupational Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Health Services , Primary Health Care/trends , Primary Health Care
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